Community Medicine is an essential subject in MBBS, covering public health, epidemiology, health programs, and preventive healthcare. Here is a detailed chapter-wise breakdown of important viva questions for Community Medicine, helping students prepare effectively for their exams.

1. Introduction to Community Medicine

• What is Community Medicine, and how is it different from Clinical Medicine?
• Define health according to the WHO. What are the determinants of health?
• What are the levels of prevention? Explain with examples.
• Explain the natural history of disease and the stages of interventions.

2. Epidemiology

• Define epidemiology. What are its key uses in public health?
• Explain the types of epidemiological studies: observational vs. interventional.
• What is a case-control study, and how does it differ from a cohort study?
• Describe incidence and prevalence and their calculations.
• What is the epidemiological triad? Provide examples.

3. Screening for Disease

• What is screening, and why is it important in public health?
• Differentiate between screening and diagnostic tests.
• Explain sensitivity and specificity and their importance.
• What is the positive predictive value, and how is it calculated?
• Discuss criteria for an effective screening program.

4. Communicable Diseases

• What are communicable diseases, and why are they significant in public health?
• Explain the chain of infection and how it can be broken.
• What is herd immunity, and how does it prevent disease?
• Describe control measures for tuberculosis, malaria, and HIV/AIDS.
• Discuss epidemiology and prevention of COVID-19.

5. Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)

• What are non-communicable diseases, and why are they on the rise?
• Explain risk factors associated with NCDs.
• Role of lifestyle modification in preventing NCDs.
• Prevention and control strategies for diseases like hypertension and diabetes.
• Significance of screening for NCDs.

6. Demography and Family Planning

• What is demography? Why is it important in community medicine?
• Define birth rate, death rate, and fertility rate. Explain calculations.
• Explain various family planning methods and their pros/cons.
• What are temporary and permanent contraception methods?
• Discuss the demographic transition model and its public health significance.

7. Nutrition and Health

• Define malnutrition and its types.
• Relationship between nutrition and immunity.
• Discuss micronutrient deficiencies: iron, iodine, and vitamin A.
• Components of a balanced diet.
• Government programs in India addressing malnutrition.

8. Occupational Health

• What is occupational health, and why is it important?
• Define occupational hazards and give examples.
• Common occupational diseases and prevention methods.
• Preventive measures in occupational health.
• Concept of ergonomics in occupational health.

9. Environmental Health

• What is environmental health and its components?
• Impact of air pollution on health.
• Importance of safe water and sanitation in public health.
• Role of waste management in community health.
• Public health measures for preventing waterborne diseases.

10. Immunization and Vaccines

• What is immunization, and how does it work?
• Differentiate between active and passive immunity.
• Explain live and killed vaccines with examples.
• National Immunization Schedule in India.
• Cold chain management and its importance for vaccines.

11. Health Planning and Management

• What is health planning and its significance in public health?
• Describe the healthcare planning cycle.
• Role of the primary healthcare system in public health.
• National Health Policy of India.
• Importance of health management information systems (HMIS).

12. Health Programs in India

• Objectives and components of the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM).
• What is the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) program?
• Significance of the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP).
• Explain the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) and its impact.
• Role of the Ayushman Bharat scheme in public health.

13. Biostatistics in Public Health

• What is biostatistics, and why is it essential in community medicine?
• Concept of mean, median, and mode.
• Difference between descriptive and inferential statistics.
• Application of the chi-square test in public health.
• Define p-value and its role in hypothesis testing.

14. Mental Health and Public Health

• Importance of mental health in community medicine.
• Mental health promotion and preventive strategies.
• Common mental health disorders in the community.
• Role of community-based rehabilitation in mental health.
• National Mental Health Program (NMHP) and its objectives.

Conclusion

Preparing for Community Medicine viva requires an understanding of these key topics, particularly the health programs in India, basic epidemiology concepts, environmental health, and preventive strategies. Covering these questions will strengthen your preparation and help in understanding the fundamental concepts of public health and preventive medicine.