MBBS 1st Year Anatomy Important Questions

Anatomy is one of the cornerstone subjects for first-year MBBS students. A deep understanding of human anatomy is crucial for medical professionals to diagnose and treat patients accurately. This guide focuses on the most important questions categorized into short notes, long answers, and diagrams, providing a well-rounded revision tool. Additionally, you can download the entire content in PDF format at the end, including diagrams and illustrations to reinforce your learning.

1. Upper Limb

Bones:

• Clavicle: Ossification, Functions, Attachments, Fractures, Applied anatomy.
• Scapula: Parts, Attachments, Borders, Clinical anatomy of fractured scapula.
• Humerus: Head, Anatomical neck, Surgical neck, Fractures, Arterial supply.
• Radius: Head, Shaft, Distal end, Common fractures, Blood supply.
• Ulna: Olecranon, Shaft, Styloid process, Fractures.

Joints:

• Shoulder Joint: Ligaments, Nerve supply, Relations, Movements.
• Elbow Joint: Type, Articular surfaces, Ligaments, Movements, Dislocations.
• Radioulnar Joint: Type, Movements, Ligaments.
• Wrist Joint: Type, Articular surfaces, Movements.

Muscles:

• Deltoid: Origin, Insertion, Actions, Nerve supply.
• Biceps Brachii: Origin, Insertion, Nerve supply, Applied anatomy (bicipital reflex).
• Triceps: Origin, Insertion, Nerve supply, Clinical relevance (triceps reflex).
• Flexor Digitorum Profundus and Superficialis: Origin, Insertion, Actions.
• Lumbricals and Interossei: Origin, Insertion, Nerve supply.

Vessels and Nerves:

• Brachial Artery: Course, Branches, Clinical relevance (brachial artery pulse).
• Radial and Ulnar Arteries: Course, Branches, Applied anatomy.
• Median Nerve: Course, Motor and sensory distribution, Clinical anatomy (carpal tunnel syndrome).
• Ulnar Nerve: Course, Motor supply, Clinical relevance (claw hand).
• Radial Nerve: Course, Motor supply, Clinical importance (wrist drop).
• Superficial and Deep Palmar Arches: Formation, Branches.

Clinical Anatomy:

• Brachial Plexus: Formation, Branches, Injuries (Erb’s palsy, Klumpke’s paralysis).
• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Structures passing through, Causes, Symptoms.
• Rotator Cuff: Muscles, Nerve supply, Clinical significance.
• Anatomical Snuff Box: Boundaries, Structures passing through, Clinical relevance.
• Tennis Elbow, Golfer’s Elbow: Causes, Symptoms.
• Cubital Fossa: Boundaries, Contents, Clinical significance.
• Recurrent Branch of Median Nerve: Course, Clinical relevance.

2. Lower Limb

Bones:

• Femur: Head, Neck, Shaft, Condyles, Fractures (neck fractures, intertrochanteric fractures).
• Patella: Parts, Functions, Clinical relevance.
• Tibia: Condyles, Shaft, Distal end, Fractures.
• Fibula: Head, Shaft, Fractures, Blood supply.

Joints:

• Hip Joint: Ligaments, Movements, Applied anatomy (dislocation, arthritis).
• Knee Joint: Articular surfaces, Ligaments, Menisci, Movements.
• Ankle Joint: Type, Movements, Ligaments, Clinical anatomy (sprains).

Muscles:

• Quadriceps Femoris: Origin, Insertion, Nerve supply, Actions.
• Gluteus Maximus, Medius, Minimus: Origin, Insertion, Actions, Nerve supply.
• Hamstrings: Origin, Insertion, Nerve supply, Clinical relevance (hamstring injuries).
• Adductors of Thigh: Origin, Insertion, Actions.

Vessels and Nerves:

• Femoral Artery: Course, Branches, Clinical significance.
• Popliteal Artery: Course, Branches, Pulse points.
• Sciatic Nerve: Course, Branches, Applied anatomy (sciatica).
• Femoral Nerve: Course, Distribution, Clinical relevance.
• Tibial and Common Peroneal Nerves: Course, Motor supply, Clinical anatomy (foot drop).

Clinical Anatomy:

• Femoral Triangle: Boundaries, Contents, Clinical importance (femoral hernia).
• Popliteal Fossa: Boundaries, Contents, Clinical relevance.
• Trendelenburg Sign: Causes, Clinical interpretation.
• Inguinal Hernia: Types, Causes, Anatomical basis.
• Pott’s Fracture: Mechanism, Clinical presentation.

3. Abdomen

Organs:

• Stomach: Relations, Blood supply, Nerve supply, Clinical anatomy (peptic ulcer).
• Liver: Lobes, Blood supply, Lymphatic drainage, Functions.
• Pancreas: Parts, Relations, Blood supply, Clinical anatomy (pancreatitis).
• Spleen: Relations, Blood supply, Functions, Applied anatomy (splenic rupture).
• Kidney: Relations, Blood supply, Applied anatomy (hydronephrosis, renal calculi).
• Small Intestine (Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum): Relations, Blood supply, Clinical anatomy.
• Large Intestine (Cecum, Colon, Rectum): Relations, Blood supply, Clinical anatomy (appendicitis, diverticulitis).

Peritoneum and Spaces:

• Greater and Lesser Sac: Boundaries, Clinical relevance.
• Mesenteries: Structure, Contents.
• Hepatorenal Pouch: Clinical significance (fluid accumulation).
• Subphrenic and Subhepatic Spaces: Clinical importance.

Vessels and Nerves:

• Abdominal Aorta: Branches, Applied anatomy.
• Inferior Vena Cava: Tributaries.
• Portal Vein: Formation, Tributaries, Portocaval anastomosis.
• Celiac Trunk: Branches, Supply.
• Superior and Inferior Mesenteric Arteries: Branches, Supply.

Clinical Anatomy:

• Inguinal Canal: Contents, Boundaries, Inguinal hernia.
• Lymphatic Drainage of Abdomen.
• Rectus Sheath: Structure, Clinical significance.
• Layers of Anterior Abdominal Wall.
• Hesselbach’s Triangle: Boundaries, Clinical importance (direct hernia).

4. Pelvis and Perineum

Organs:

• Uterus: Parts, Supports, Blood supply, Clinical relevance (prolapse).
• Ovaries: Relations, Blood supply, Clinical anatomy.
• Prostate: Parts, Relations, Blood supply, Applied anatomy (BPH).
• Rectum: Relations, Blood supply, Clinical anatomy.

Perineum:

• Urogenital and Anal Triangles: Boundaries, Contents.
• Perineal Body: Clinical significance.
• Ischiorectal Fossa: Boundaries, Contents.
• External Anal Sphincter: Anatomy, Nerve supply.
• Internal Pudendal Artery: Branches, Supply.

Vessels and Nerves:

• Internal Iliac Artery: Branches, Supply.
• Sacral Plexus: Branches, Distribution.
• Pudendal Nerve: Course, Branches, Clinical relevance (pudendal nerve block).

Clinical Anatomy:

• Episiotomy: Indications, Surgical anatomy.
• Hemorrhoids: Types, Causes, Clinical significance.
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Causes, Clinical implications.
• Pudendal Nerve Block: Indications, Anatomical landmarks.

5. Thorax

Organs:

• Heart: Chambers, Blood supply, Conduction system, Clinical anatomy (myocardial infarction).
• Lungs: Lobes, Bronchopulmonary segments, Blood supply, Applied anatomy (pneumothorax).
• Mediastinum: Contents, Clinical anatomy (mediastinitis).
• Esophagus: Relations, Blood supply, Applied anatomy (achalasia, esophageal varices).
• Diaphragm: Attachments, Nerve supply, Clinical relevance (diaphragmatic hernia).

Vessels and Nerves:

• Arch of Aorta: Branches, Applied anatomy (coarctation of aorta).
• Internal Thoracic Artery: Branches, Supply.
• Intercostal Nerves: Course, Supply, Clinical relevance.
• Phrenic Nerve: Course, Functions, Applied anatomy (diaphragmatic paralysis).
• Vagus Nerve: Course, Branches, Applied anatomy (recurrent laryngeal nerve injury).

Clinical Anatomy:

• Thoracocentesis: Indications, Site, Procedure.
• Pneumothorax: Causes, Clinical presentation, Anatomical basis.
• Pericarditis: Causes, Clinical significance.
• Cardiac Tamponade: Causes, Signs, Management.
• Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG): Indications, Vessels used, Anatomical considerations.

6. Head and Neck

Organs and Structures:

• Thyroid Gland: Lobes, Blood supply, Clinical anatomy (thyroidectomy, goiter).
• Salivary Glands: Parotid, Submandibular, Sublingual, Blood supply, Nerve supply, Applied anatomy (sialadenitis, stone).
• Pharynx: Parts, Blood supply, Clinical relevance (tonsillitis).
• Larynx: Cartilages, Blood supply, Nerve supply, Clinical anatomy (vocal cord paralysis).
• Nose: Blood supply, Nerve supply, Clinical relevance (epistaxis).

Vessels and Nerves:

• Common Carotid Artery: Course, Branches, Applied anatomy (carotid pulse).
• Internal Jugular Vein: Course, Tributaries, Clinical anatomy (central venous catheterization).
• Facial Nerve: Course, Branches, Clinical relevance (Bell’s palsy).
• Trigeminal Nerve: Branches, Clinical relevance (trigeminal neuralgia).
• Branches of Subclavian Artery.
• Jugular Venous Pulse: Clinical significance.

7. Neuroanatomy

Important Structures:

• Spinal Cord: Tracts, Functions, Applied anatomy (Brown-Sequard syndrome).
• Cerebrum: Lobes, Functions, Applied anatomy (stroke syndromes).
• Brainstem: Midbrain, Pons, Medulla, Functions, Clinical anatomy.
• Basal Ganglia: Functions, Clinical relevance (Parkinson’s disease).
• Ventricles of Brain: Functions, Clinical significance (hydrocephalus).
• Circle of Willis: Formation, Supply, Clinical relevance.

8. Embryology

Development:

• Gametogenesis: Stages, Differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
• Development of Heart: Formation of heart tube, Septal defects.
• Formation of Face: Cleft lip and palate.
• Pharyngeal Arches: Derivatives, Clinical significance.
• Development of Limbs: Anomalies.
• Development of Urogenital System: Kidney anomalies.
• Development of Nervous System: Neural tube defects.

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